One of the main disadvantages of screening is the potential for overdiagnosis. Overdiagnosis occurs when an individual is diagnosed with the condition that would never have caused harm in their lifetime. This can result in unnecessary medical interventions, such as surgeries and treatments, which can cause long-term health complications and emotional distress. In addition, screening tests can result in false positive results, leading to anxiety and further testing, and false negative effects, giving individuals a false sense of security. Another disadvantage of screening is the potential for harm associated with the screening test itself. Some screening tests, such as radiation exposure during imaging tests, can pose a risk to the individual being screened. Furthermore, the cost of screening tests and the resources required to conduct them can limit their availability, particularly in low- and middle-income countries.
concluding there are benefits and drawbacks to screening that must be taken into account before determining whether or not to submit to it. Although early disease detection and better health outcomes may result from it, there is also a risk of overdiagnosis and injury from the screening test itself. It is essential for healthcare providers to use evidence-based guidelines to determine which individuals are appropriate candidates for screening and to weigh the potential benefits and risks of screening for each individual.