Principles of Microeconomics

 

  1. (8 points) Show the derivation of a demand curve from the underlying fundamentals of consumers solving their problem.  In other words, show a budget constraint and indifference curve that shows a consumer solving his problem.  Then change the price of good 1 (either decrease or increase it) and show the new amount of good 1 consumed (assume the indifference curves are basically parallel and behave “nicely”).  Change the price one more time (in the same direction) and show the new amount of good 1 consumed.  Plot your three (Q, P) points on a separate graph to reveal your demand curve.

 

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  1. (8 points) Joe’s hot dog stand projects the following demand for hot dogs:

 

Price                                  Quantity Purchased (per day)

$3                                                     90

$4                                                     80

$5                                                     70

$6                                                     60

$7                                                     45

$8                                                     15

 

Calculate the same price elasticity of demand between $5 and $6.  If you get a decimal answer longer than two decimal places, round your answer to the 2nd (hundredths) decimal place.

 

Given                                                                           Find

Qf =                                                                               SPED

 

Qi =

 

Pf =

 

Pi =

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

  1. (8 points) Walmart projects the following quantities of Coke demanded as the price of Pepsi changes:

 

Price                                  Quantity Purchased (per day)

$1                                                     200

$1.50                                               220

$2                                                     250

$2.50                                               290

$3                                                     340

$3.50                                               400

 

Calculate the cross price elasticity of demand between $3 and $3.50.  If you get a decimal answer longer than two decimal places, round your answer to the 2nd (hundredths) decimal place.

 

Given                                                                           Find

Qf1 =                                                                             CPED

 

Qi1 =

 

Pf2 =

 

Pi2 =

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

  1. (8 points) Jason’s income elasticity of demand for boats is 4.  If he owns two boats when he makes $500,000, how much money would he have to make in order to buy one more boat?  If you get a decimal answer longer than two decimal places, round your answer to the 2nd (hundredths) decimal place.

 

Given                                                                                         Find

IED =                                                                                           If

Qf =

Qi =

Ii =

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

  1. (5 points) If a demand curve is perfectly inelastic and consumers buy 500 units of the good at a price of $4, how many units will be purchased if the price increases to $4.50?

 

 

 

 

  1. (5 points) If a demand curve is perfectly elastic and consumers buy 500 units of the good at a price of $4, how many units will be purchased if the price increases to $4.50?

 

 

 

 

  1. (9 points) Compute consumer surplus in the following scenarios.

 

    1. Ted has a reservation price for a Snickers bar of $3.  He walks in to a convenience store and sees that Snickers bars cost $2.

 

 

 

 

    1. Susie has a reservation price for Gatorade of $5 after a long workout.  She walks over to the vending machine and sees that Gatorade costs $3.

 

 

 

 

    1. Dwayne has a reservation price for Doritos of $2.  While shopping at Publix, he sees that Doritos cost $2.50.

 

 

 

 

 

  1. (5 points) If two goods are complements for one another, what must be true about their cross price elasticity of demand?

 

 

 

  1. (5 points) If two goods are substitutes for one another, what must be true about their cross price elasticity of demand?

 

 

 

  1. (5 points) What must be true about the income elasticity of demand for inferior goods?

 

 

 

  1. (6 points) Clearly show where consumer surplus (CS) and producer surplus (PS) are on the graph below.

Price

 

 

 

S

 

P*

 

D

 

 

Q*                                 Quantity

 

 

  1. (10 points) What happens to equilibrium price and quantity in the following scenarios?  Circle the correct answer for each scenario below.

 

    1. Supply shifts right

 

PRICE ->             GOES UP                          GOES DOWN                 UNDETERMINED

 

QUANTITY ->   GOES UP                          GOES DOWN                 UNDETERMINED

 

    1. Demand decreases

 

PRICE ->             GOES UP                          GOES DOWN                 UNDETERMINED

 

QUANTITY ->   GOES UP                          GOES DOWN                 UNDETERMINED

 

    1. Demand and supply both increase

 

PRICE ->             GOES UP                          GOES DOWN                 UNDETERMINED

 

QUANTITY ->   GOES UP                          GOES DOWN                 UNDETERMINED

 

    1. Demand shifts left and supply shifts right

 

PRICE ->             GOES UP                          GOES DOWN                 UNDETERMINED

 

QUANTITY ->   GOES UP                          GOES DOWN                 UNDETERMINED

 

    1. A very large shift to the right in demand is accompanied by a very small shift to the left in supply (assume curves have equal magnitude of slope)

 

PRICE ->             GOES UP                          GOES DOWN                 UNDETERMINED

 

QUANTITY ->   GOES UP                          GOES DOWN                 UNDETERMINED

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

  1. (15 points) Complete the chart below regarding a firm’s costs as the quantity of output increases.  Q is quantity, FC is fixed costs, VC is variable costs, TC is total costs, AFC is average fixed costs, AVC is average variable costs, ATC is average total costs, and MC is marginal cost.  For all decimal answers longer than two decimal digits, round your answer to the 2nd (hundredths) decimal place.

Table 1 Firm’s costs as quantity of output increases

Q FC VC TC AFC AVC ATC MC
0 12 0 12 n/a n/a n/a n/a

 

1   4          

 

2   9          

 

3   15          

 

4   22          

 

5

 

  30          
6

 

  39          
7

 

  49          
8

 

  60          
9

 

  72          
10

 

  85          
11

 

  99          
12

 

  114          
13

 

  130          
14

 

  147          

 

 

  1. (3 points) What law of economics explains why VC increases by ever-increasing amounts as Q increases?

 

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