Gastrointestinal and renal assessments. Abdominal assess- ment and monitoring of urine output is important because embolization can occur to the visceral and renal arteries. Nursing interventions include measurement and monitoring
of intra-abdominal pressure and monitoring for signs and symp- toms of acute ischemic bowel. Contact the surgeon immediately if the patient experiences severe abdominal pain, nausea, vomit- ing, or diarrhea in the absence of abdominal distension. Check the patient’s lactate level for worsen- ing metabolic acidosis indicating hypoperfusion to the gut.
Assess the patient’s hydration status and serum electrolyte results and closely monitor urine output.39 Additional abdomi- nal radiologic imaging may be needed.12
Consideration of postoperative nutritional requirements is also necessary. When the patient has fully recovered from anesthesia and bowel sounds have returned, ice chips may be introduced before advancing to clear liquids and finally solids as tolerated.