Dehydration

Dehydration causes multiple physiological changes that increase a patient’s susceptibility to AKI and one of them is hypotension. The condition reduces the amount of fluid available for circulation, impairing oxygen-carrying capacity in the blood. Low perfusion implies lower rates of oxygen transport to organs including the kidneys. Persistent hypoperfusion prolongs cellular hypoxia and cell death. Cellular degeneration in the kidneys comprises AKI. Therefore, dehydration’s fluid loss increases a patient’s propensity of developing acute kidney injury (Divney et al., 2019).