– compounds that are bonded together in a ring formation
1)
–
– considered a hydrocarbon
C
/ \
C C OR
I I
C — C
Carbocyclic compounds
all carbons make up the ring
2)
–
– NOT considered a hydrocarbon
– forms a different type of cyclic compound
O
/ \
C C
I I
C C
Heterocyclic compounds
compounds with mostly carbons in the ring but with something else present
IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemists) Prefixes and Suffixes used for Nomenclature (Naming of Compounds):
IUPAC Prefixes Prefixes for number(s) of anything
Alk- Aliphatic hydrocarbon di- two of whatever follows it
Meth- one carbon chain as in dichloro = 2 chlorines
Eth- two carbon chain tri- three of whatever follows it
Prop- three carbon chain tetra- four of whatever follows it But- four carbon chain penta- five of whatever follows it
Pent- five carbon chain hexa- six of whatever follows it
Hex- six carbon chain hepta- seven of whatever follows it
Hept- seven carbon chain
Oct- eight carbon chain
Non- nine carbon chain
Dec- ten carbon chain
IUPAC Suffixes (Characteristic Name Endings)
-ane – Saturated, all single bonds
-ene – double bond present
-yne – triple bond present
-yl – side chain of carbons
-ol – alcohol
-al – aldehyde
-oic – carboxylic acid (organic acid)
-one – ketone
-ate – ester (sometimes written as -oate)
-amine – amine
The simplest of the organic compounds are the
–
–
– these two elements can combine in a variety of ways to form other classes of organic compounds