Stage 1: Dualism There are right and wrong answers. Authorities know the right answers.
Transition to Stage 2 There are some uncertainties and different opinions, but these are temporary.
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Stage 2: Relativism When the authorities don’t have the right answers, everyone has a right to his or her own opinion; there are no right or wrong answers.
Transition to Stage 3 All thinking is contextual and relative but not equally valid.
Stage 3: Commitment I should not just blindly follow or oppose authority. I need to orient myself in an uncertain world and make a decision or commitment.